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authorLubomir Rintel <lubo.rintel@gooddata.com>2013-07-31 18:18:08 +0200
committerVijay Bellur <vbellur@redhat.com>2013-08-04 07:45:25 -0700
commit9b8b4dcd0bf595a0f886783ec6db38811ad48d24 (patch)
tree78a8cbeb1020f0f7120e8bce7ec252026bf62433 /doc/hacker-guide
parentaefabb62a9a0a0e63412e4fab6cd47f76e9a4619 (diff)
doc: Convert the afr translator documentation to markdown
Change-Id: I328986812df7adc849fa11b53ae483c2cd0825e8 Signed-off-by: Lubomir Rintel <lubo.rintel@gooddata.com> Reviewed-on: http://review.gluster.org/5484 Reviewed-by: Vijay Bellur <vbellur@redhat.com> Tested-by: Vijay Bellur <vbellur@redhat.com>
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+cluster/afr translator
+======================
+
+Locking
+-------
+
+Before understanding replicate, one must understand two internal FOPs:
+
+### `GF_FILE_LK`
+
+This is exactly like `fcntl(2)` locking, except the locks are in a
+separate domain from locks held by applications.
+
+### `GF_DIR_LK (loc_t *loc, char *basename)`
+
+This allows one to lock a name under a directory. For example,
+to lock /mnt/glusterfs/foo, one would use the call:
+
+```
+GF_DIR_LK ({loc_t for "/mnt/glusterfs"}, "foo")
+```
+
+If one wishes to lock *all* the names under a particular directory,
+supply the basename argument as `NULL`.
+
+The locks can either be read locks or write locks; consult the
+function prototype for more details.
+
+Both these operations are implemented by the features/locks (earlier
+known as posix-locks) translator.
+
+Basic design
+------------
+
+All FOPs can be classified into four major groups:
+
+### inode-read
+
+Operations that read an inode's data (file contents) or metadata (perms, etc.).
+
+access, getxattr, fstat, readlink, readv, stat.
+
+### inode-write
+
+Operations that modify an inode's data or metadata.
+
+chmod, chown, truncate, writev, utimens.
+
+### dir-read
+
+Operations that read a directory's contents or metadata.
+
+readdir, getdents, checksum.
+
+### dir-write
+
+Operations that modify a directory's contents or metadata.
+
+create, link, mkdir, mknod, rename, rmdir, symlink, unlink.
+
+Some of these make a subgroup in that they modify *two* different entries:
+link, rename, symlink.
+
+### Others
+
+Other operations.
+
+flush, lookup, open, opendir, statfs.
+
+Algorithms
+----------
+
+Each of the four major groups has its own algorithm:
+
+### inode-read, dir-read
+
+1. Send a request to the first child that is up:
+ * if it fails:
+ * try the next available child
+ * if we have exhausted all children:
+ * return failure
+
+### inode-write
+
+ All operations are done in parallel unless specified otherwise.
+
+1. Send a ``GF_FILE_LK`` request on all children for a write lock on the
+ appropriate region
+ (for metadata operations: entire file (0, 0) for writev:
+ (offset, offset+size of buffer))
+ * If a lock request fails on a child:
+ * unlock all children
+ * try to acquire a blocking lock (`F_SETLKW`) on each child, serially.
+ If this fails (due to `ENOTCONN` or `EINVAL`):
+ Consider this child as dead for rest of transaction.
+2. Mark all children as "pending" on all (alive) children (see below for
+meaning of "pending").
+ * If it fails on any child:
+ * mark it as dead (in transaction local state).
+3. Perform operation on all (alive) children.
+ * If it fails on any child:
+ * mark it as dead (in transaction local state).
+4. Unmark all successful children as not "pending" on all nodes.
+5. Unlock region on all (alive) children.
+
+### dir-write
+
+ The algorithm for dir-write is same as above except instead of holding
+ `GF_FILE_LK` locks we hold a GF_DIR_LK lock on the name being operated upon.
+ In case of link-type calls, we hold locks on both the operand names.
+
+"pending"
+---------
+
+The "pending" number is like a journal entry. A pending entry is an
+array of 32-bit integers stored in network byte-order as the extended
+attribute of an inode (which can be a directory as well).
+
+There are three keys corresponding to three types of pending operations:
+
+### `AFR_METADATA_PENDING`
+
+There are some metadata operations pending on this inode (perms, ctime/mtime,
+xattr, etc.).
+
+### `AFR_DATA_PENDING`
+
+There is some data pending on this inode (writev).
+
+### `AFR_ENTRY_PENDING`
+
+There are some directory operations pending on this directory
+(create, unlink, etc.).
+
+Self heal
+---------
+
+* On lookup, gather extended attribute data:
+ * If entry is a regular file:
+ * If an entry is present on one child and not on others:
+ * create entry on others.
+ * If entries exist but have different metadata (perms, etc.):
+ * consider the entry with the highest `AFR_METADATA_PENDING` number as
+ definitive and replicate its attributes on children.
+ * If entry is a directory:
+ * Consider the entry with the higest `AFR_ENTRY_PENDING` number as
+ definitive and replicate its contents on all children.
+ * If any two entries have non-matching types (i.e., one is file and
+ other is directory):
+ * Announce to the user via log that a split-brain situation has been
+ detected, and do nothing.
+* On open, gather extended attribute data:
+ * Consider the file with the highest `AFR_DATA_PENDING` number as
+ the definitive one and replicate its contents on all other
+ children.
+
+During all self heal operations, appropriate locks must be held on all
+regions/entries being affected.
+
+Inode scaling
+-------------
+
+Inode scaling is necessary because if a situation arises where an inode number
+is returned for a directory (by lookup) which was previously the inode number
+of a file (as per FUSE's table), then FUSE gets horribly confused (consult a
+FUSE expert for more details).
+
+To avoid such a situation, we distribute the 64-bit inode space equally
+among all children of replicate.
+
+To illustrate:
+
+If c1, c2, c3 are children of replicate, they each get 1/3 of the available
+inode space:
+
+------------- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---
+Child: c1 c2 c3 c1 c2 c3 c1 c2 c3 c1 c2 ...
+Inode number: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ...
+------------- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---
+
+Thus, if lookup on c1 returns an inode number "2", it is scaled to "4"
+(which is the second inode number in c1's space).
+
+This way we ensure that there is never a collision of inode numbers from
+two different children.
+
+This reduction of inode space doesn't really reduce the usability of
+replicate since even if we assume replicate has 1024 children (which would be a
+highly unusual scenario), each child still has a 54-bit inode space:
+$2^{54} \sim 1.8 \times 10^{16}$, which is much larger than any real
+world requirement.