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authorshishir gowda <sgowda@redhat.com>2013-04-10 10:42:25 +0530
committerVijay Bellur <vbellur@redhat.com>2013-04-16 10:35:59 -0700
commit490b791f44135db72cba1d8df9b40a66b457bff2 (patch)
tree5b1a51d45ff025ffef8548483adfd9266ef3b947 /doc
parentd836002fce7454fabd13f0f9a1fd247bec7e7fc0 (diff)
dht: improve transform/detransform of d_off (and be ext4 safe)
Backporting Avati's fix http://review.gluster.org/4711 The scheme to encode brick d_off and brick id into global d_off has two approaches. Since both brick d_off and global d_off are both 64-bit wide, we need to be careful about how the brick id is encoded. Filesystems like XFS always give a d_off which fits within 32bits. So we have another 32bits (actually 31, in this scheme, as seen ahead) to encode the brick id - which is typically plenty. Filesystems like the recent EXT4 utilize the upto 63 low bits in d_off, as the d_off is calculated based on a hash function value. This leaves us no "unused" bits to encode the brick id. However both these filesystmes (EXT4 more importantly) are "tolerant" in terms of the accuracy of the value presented back in seekdir(). i.e, a seekdir(val) actually seeks to the entry which has the "closest" true offset. This "two-prong" scheme exploits this behavior - which seems to be the best middle ground amongst various approaches and has all the advantages of the old approach: - Works against XFS and EXT4, the two most common filesystems out there. (which wasn't an "advantage" of the old approach as it is borken against EXT4) - Probably works against most of the others as well. The ones which would NOT work are those which return HUGE d_offs _and_ NOT tolerant to seekdir() to "closest" true offset. - Nothing to "remember in memory" or evict "old entries". - Works fine across NFS server reboots and also NFS head failover. - Tolerant to seekdir() to arbitrary locations. Algorithm: Each d_off can be encoded in either of the two schemes. There is no requirement to encode all d_offs of a directory or a reply-set in the same scheme. The topmost bit of the 64 bits is used to specify the "type" of encoding of this particular d_off. If the topmost bit (bit-63) is 1, it indicates that the encoding scheme holds a HUGE d_off. If the topmost bit is is 0, it indicates that the "small" d_off encoding scheme is used. The goal of the "small" d_off encoding is to stay as dense as possible towards the lower bits even in the global d_off. The goal of the HUGE d_off encoding is to stay as accurate (close) as possible to the "true" d_off after a round of encoding and decoding. If DHT has N subvolumes, we need ROOF(Log2(N)) "bits" to encode the brick ID (call it "n"). SMALL d_off =========== Encoding -------- If the top n + 1 bits are free in a brick offset, then we leave the top bit as 0 and set the remaining bits based on the old formula: hi_mask = 0xffffffffffffffff hi_mask = ~(hi_mask >> (n + 1)) if ((hi_mask & d_off_brick) != 0) do_large_d_off_encoding () d_off_global = (d_off_brick * N) + brick_id Decoding -------- If the top bit in the global offset is 0, it indicates that this is the encoding formula used. So decoding such a global offset will be like the old formula: if ((d_off_global & 0x8000000000000000) != 0) do_large_d_off_decoding() d_off_brick = (d_off_global % N) brick_id = d_off_global / N HUGE d_off ========== Encoding -------- If the top n + 1 bits are NOT free in a given brick offset, then we set the top bit as 1 in the global offset. The low n bits are replaced by brick_id. low_mask = 0xffffffffffffffff << n // where n is ROOF(Log2(N)) d_off_global = (0x8000000000000000 | d_off_brick & low_mask) + brick_id if (d_off_global == 0xffffffffffffffff) discard_entry(); Decoding -------- If the top bit in the global offset is set 1, it indicates that the encoding formula used is above. So decoding would look like: hi_mask = (0xffffffffffffffff << n) low_mask = ~(hi_mask) d_off_brick = (global_d_off & hi_mask & 0x7fffffffffffffff) brick_id = global_d_off & low_mask If "losing" the low n bits in this decoding of d_off_brick looks "scary", we need to realize that till recently EXT4 used to only return what can now be expressed as (d_off_global >> 32). The extra 31 bits of hash added by EXT recently, only decreases the probability of a collision, and not eliminate it completely, anyways. In a way, the "lost" n bits are made up by decreasing the probability of collision by sharding the files into N bricks / EXT directories -- call it "hash hedging", if you will :-) Change-Id: I9551c581c3f3d4c9e719764881036d554f60c557 Thanks-to: Zach Brown <zab@redhat.com> BUG: 838784 Signed-off-by: shishir gowda <sgowda@redhat.com> Reviewed-on: http://review.gluster.org/4799 Reviewed-by: Amar Tumballi <amarts@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Jeff Darcy <jdarcy@redhat.com> Tested-by: Gluster Build System <jenkins@build.gluster.com> Reviewed-on: http://review.gluster.org/4822
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