glupy: Importing Jeff's glupy project into glusterfs

Change-Id: I3891ef6eaf6ede7c8cbedc3298ce2501a69b2b05
BUG: 961856
Original-author: Jeff Darcy <jdarcy@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ram Raja <rraja@redhat.com>
Reviewed-on: http://review.gluster.org/4906
Reviewed-by: Justin Clift <jclift@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Justin Clift <jclift@redhat.com>

11 files changed, 789 insertions, 1 deletions

diff --git a/configure.ac b/configure.ac
index 6357b19fa..48237bc40 100644
--- a/configure.ac
+++ b/configure.ac
@@ -95,6 +95,8 @@ AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile
 		xlators/protocol/server/Makefile
 		xlators/protocol/server/src/Makefile
 		xlators/features/Makefile
+		xlators/features/glupy/Makefile
+		xlators/features/glupy/src/Makefile
 		xlators/features/locks/Makefile
 		xlators/features/locks/src/Makefile
 		xlators/features/quota/Makefile
@@ -632,6 +634,14 @@ if test "x$LIBAIO" != "x"; then
 fi
 
 
+BUILD_GLUPY=no
+AC_CHECK_LIB([python2.6],[PyImport_Import],[BUILD_GLUPY=yes])
+
+if test "x$BUILD_GLUPY" = "xyes"; then
+   GLUPY_SUBDIR=glupy
+fi
+AC_SUBST(GLUPY_SUBDIR)
+
 AC_SUBST(GF_HOST_OS)
 AC_SUBST([GF_GLUSTERFS_LIBS])
 AC_SUBST(GF_GLUSTERFS_CFLAGS)
diff --git a/tests/features/glupy.t b/tests/features/glupy.t
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..49bf11df5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/features/glupy.t
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+. $(dirname $0)/../include.rc
+
+cleanup;
+
+TEST mkdir -p $B0/glupytest
+cat > $B0/glupytest.vol <<EOF
+volume vol-posix
+    type storage/posix
+    option directory $B0/glupytest
+end-volume
+
+volume vol-glupy
+    type features/glupy
+    option module-name helloworld
+    subvolumes vol-posix
+end-volume
+EOF
+
+TEST glusterfs -f $B0/glupytest.vol $M0;
+
+TEST touch $M0/filename;
+EXPECT "filename" ls $M0
+TEST rm -f $M0/filename;
+
+TEST umount -l $M0;
+
+cleanup;
diff --git a/xlators/features/Makefile.am b/xlators/features/Makefile.am
index 09aab1293..6a73301d7 100644
--- a/xlators/features/Makefile.am
+++ b/xlators/features/Makefile.am
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 SUBDIRS = locks quota read-only mac-compat quiesce marker index \
-	  protect # trash path-converter # filter
+	  protect $(GLUPY_SUBDIR) # trash path-converter # filter
 
 CLEANFILES =
diff --git a/xlators/features/glupy/Makefile.am b/xlators/features/glupy/Makefile.am
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a985f42a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xlators/features/glupy/Makefile.am
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+SUBDIRS = src
+
+CLEANFILES =
diff --git a/xlators/features/glupy/doc/README.md b/xlators/features/glupy/doc/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2d7b30ef6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xlators/features/glupy/doc/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+This is just the very start for a GlusterFS[1] meta-translator that will
+allow translator code to be written in Python.  It's based on the standard
+Python embedding (not extending) techniques, plus a dash of the ctypes module.
+The interface is a pretty minimal adaptation of the dispatches and callbacks
+from the C API[2] to Python, as follows:
+
+* Dispatch functions and callbacks must be defined on an "xlator" class
+  derived from gluster.Translator so that they'll be auto-registered with
+  the C translator during initialization.
+
+* For each dispatch or callback function you want to intercept, you define a
+  Python function using the xxx\_fop\_t or xxx\_cbk\_t decorator.
+
+* The arguments for each operation are different, so you'll need to refer to
+  the C API.  GlusterFS-specific types are used (though only loc\_t is fully
+  defined so far) and type correctness is enforced by ctypes.
+
+* If you do intercept a dispatch function, it is your responsibility to call
+  xxx\_wind (like STACK\_WIND in the C API but operation-specific) to pass
+  the request to the next translator.  If you do not intercept a function, it
+  will default the same way as for C (pass through to the same operation with
+  the same arguments on the first child translator).
+
+* If you intercept a callback function, it is your responsibility to call
+  xxx\_unwind (like STACK\_UNWIND\_STRICT in the C API) to pass the request back
+  to the caller.
+
+So far only the lookup and create operations are handled this way, to support
+the "negative lookup" example.  Now that the basic infrastructure is in place,
+adding more functions should be very quick, though with that much boilerplate I
+might pause to write a code generator.  I also plan to add structure
+definitions and interfaces for some of the utility functions in libglusterfs
+(especially those having to do with inode and fd context) in the fairly near
+future.  Note that you can also use ctypes to get at anything not explicitly
+exposed to Python already.
+
+_If you're coming here because of the Linux Journal article, please note that
+the code has evolved since that was written. The version that matches the
+article is here:_
+
+https://github.com/jdarcy/glupy/tree/4bbae91ba459ea46ef32f2966562492e4ca9187a
+
+[1] http://www.gluster.org
+[2] http://hekafs.org/dist/xlator_api_2.html
diff --git a/xlators/features/glupy/src/Makefile.am b/xlators/features/glupy/src/Makefile.am
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ccecc7a4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xlators/features/glupy/src/Makefile.am
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+xlator_LTLIBRARIES = glupy.la
+
+xlatordir = $(libdir)/glusterfs/$(PACKAGE_VERSION)/xlator/features
+
+glupydir = $(xlatordir)/glupy
+
+glupy_PYTHON = gluster.py negative.py helloworld.py
+
+glupy_la_LDFLAGS = -module -avoid-version -shared -nostartfiles
+glupy_la_SOURCES = glupy.c
+glupy_la_LIBADD = $(top_builddir)/libglusterfs/src/libglusterfs.la \
+	 -lpthread -lpython2.6
+
+noinst_HEADERS = glupy.h
+
+AM_CPPFLAGS = $(GF_CPPFLAGS) -I$(top_srcdir)/libglusterfs/src
+
+AM_CFLAGS = -Wall -fno-strict-aliasing -DGLUSTER_PYTHON_PATH=\"$(glupydir)\" $(GF_CFLAGS)
+
+CLEANFILES =
diff --git a/xlators/features/glupy/src/glupy.c b/xlators/features/glupy/src/glupy.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9c06085b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xlators/features/glupy/src/glupy.c
@@ -0,0 +1,405 @@
+/*
+  Copyright (c) 2012 Red Hat, Inc. <http://www.redhat.com>
+  This file is part of GlusterFS.
+
+  GlusterFS is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published
+  by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License,
+  or (at your option) any later version.
+
+  GlusterFS is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+  General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+  along with this program.  If not, see
+  <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <sys/uio.h>
+#include <python2.6/Python.h>
+
+#ifndef _CONFIG_H
+#define _CONFIG_H
+#include "config.h"
+#endif
+
+#include "glusterfs.h"
+#include "xlator.h"
+#include "logging.h"
+#include "defaults.h"
+
+#include "glupy.h"
+
+/* UTILITY FUNCTIONS FOR FOP-SPECIFIC CODE */
+
+pthread_key_t gil_init_key;
+
+PyGILState_STATE
+glupy_enter (void)
+{
+#if 0
+        if (!pthread_getspecific(gil_init_key)) {
+                PyEval_ReleaseLock();
+                (void)pthread_setspecific(gil_init_key,(void *)1);
+        }
+#endif
+
+        return PyGILState_Ensure();
+}
+
+void
+glupy_leave (PyGILState_STATE gstate)
+{
+        PyGILState_Release(gstate);
+}
+
+/* FOP: LOOKUP */
+
+int32_t
+glupy_lookup_cbk (call_frame_t *frame, void *cookie, xlator_t *this,
+                  int32_t op_ret, int32_t op_errno, inode_t *inode,
+                  struct iatt *buf, dict_t *xdata, struct iatt *postparent)
+{
+        glupy_private_t *priv = this->private;
+        PyGILState_STATE gstate;
+        int32_t ret;
+
+        if (!priv->cbks[GLUPY_LOOKUP]) {
+                goto unwind;
+        }
+
+        gstate = glupy_enter();
+        ret = ((fop_lookup_cbk_t)(priv->cbks[GLUPY_LOOKUP]))(
+                frame, cookie, this, op_ret, op_errno,
+                inode, buf, xdata, postparent);
+        glupy_leave(gstate);
+
+        return ret;
+        
+unwind:
+        frame->local = NULL;
+        STACK_UNWIND_STRICT (lookup, frame, op_ret, op_errno, inode, buf,
+                             xdata, postparent);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int32_t
+glupy_lookup (call_frame_t *frame, xlator_t *this, loc_t *loc,
+              dict_t *xdata)
+{
+        glupy_private_t *priv = this->private;
+        PyGILState_STATE gstate;
+        int32_t ret;
+        static long next_id = 0;
+
+        if (!priv->fops[GLUPY_LOOKUP]) {
+                goto wind;
+        }
+
+        gstate = glupy_enter();
+        frame->local = (void *)++next_id;
+        ret = ((fop_lookup_t)(priv->fops[GLUPY_LOOKUP]))(
+                frame, this, loc, xdata);
+        glupy_leave(gstate);
+
+        return ret;
+
+wind:
+        STACK_WIND (frame, glupy_lookup_cbk, FIRST_CHILD(this),
+                    FIRST_CHILD(this)->fops->lookup, loc, xdata);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+void
+wind_lookup (call_frame_t *frame, xlator_t *xl, loc_t *loc, dict_t *xdata)
+{
+        
+        xlator_t        *this = THIS;
+
+        if (!xl || (xl == this)) {
+                xl = FIRST_CHILD(this);
+        }
+
+        STACK_WIND(frame,glupy_lookup_cbk,xl,xl->fops->lookup,loc,xdata);
+}
+
+void
+unwind_lookup (call_frame_t *frame, long cookie, xlator_t *this,
+               int32_t op_ret, int32_t op_errno, inode_t *inode,
+               struct iatt *buf, dict_t *xdata, struct iatt *postparent)
+{
+        frame->local = NULL;
+        STACK_UNWIND_STRICT(lookup,frame,op_ret,op_errno,
+                            inode,buf,xdata,postparent);
+}
+
+void
+set_lookup_fop (long py_this, fop_lookup_t fop)
+{
+        glupy_private_t *priv   = ((xlator_t *)py_this)->private;
+
+        priv->fops[GLUPY_LOOKUP] = (long)fop;
+}
+
+void
+set_lookup_cbk (long py_this, fop_lookup_cbk_t cbk)
+{
+        glupy_private_t *priv   = ((xlator_t *)py_this)->private;
+
+        priv->cbks[GLUPY_LOOKUP] = (long)cbk;
+}
+
+/* FOP: CREATE */
+
+int32_t
+glupy_create_cbk (call_frame_t *frame, void *cookie, xlator_t *this,
+                  int32_t op_ret, int32_t op_errno, fd_t *fd, inode_t *inode,
+                  struct iatt *buf, struct iatt *preparent,
+                  struct iatt *postparent, dict_t *xdata)
+{
+        glupy_private_t *priv = this->private;
+        PyGILState_STATE gstate;
+        int32_t ret;
+
+        if (!priv->cbks[GLUPY_CREATE]) {
+                goto unwind;
+        }
+
+        gstate = glupy_enter();
+        ret = ((fop_create_cbk_t)(priv->cbks[GLUPY_CREATE]))(
+                frame, cookie, this, op_ret, op_errno,
+                fd, inode, buf, preparent, postparent, xdata);
+        glupy_leave(gstate);
+
+        return ret;
+        
+unwind:
+        frame->local = NULL;
+        STACK_UNWIND_STRICT (create, frame, op_ret, op_errno, fd, inode, buf,
+                             preparent, postparent, xdata);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int32_t
+glupy_create (call_frame_t *frame, xlator_t *this, loc_t *loc, int32_t flags,
+              mode_t mode, mode_t umask, fd_t *fd, dict_t *xdata)
+{
+        glupy_private_t *priv = this->private;
+        PyGILState_STATE gstate;
+        int32_t ret;
+        static long next_id = 0;
+
+        if (!priv->fops[GLUPY_CREATE]) {
+                goto wind;
+        }
+
+        gstate = glupy_enter();
+        frame->local = (void *)++next_id;
+        ret = ((fop_create_t)(priv->fops[GLUPY_CREATE]))(
+                frame, this, loc, flags, mode, umask, fd, xdata);
+        glupy_leave(gstate);
+
+        return ret;
+
+wind:
+        STACK_WIND (frame, glupy_create_cbk, FIRST_CHILD(this),
+                    FIRST_CHILD(this)->fops->create, loc, flags, mode, umask,
+                    fd, xdata);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+void
+wind_create (call_frame_t *frame, xlator_t *xl, loc_t *loc, int32_t flags,
+             mode_t mode, mode_t umask, fd_t *fd, dict_t *xdata)
+{
+        
+        xlator_t        *this = THIS;
+
+        if (!xl || (xl == this)) {
+                xl = FIRST_CHILD(this);
+        }
+
+        STACK_WIND (frame, glupy_create_cbk,xl, xl->fops->create,
+                    loc, flags, mode, umask, fd, xdata);
+}
+
+void
+unwind_create (call_frame_t *frame, long cookie, xlator_t *this,
+               int32_t op_ret, int32_t op_errno, fd_t *fd, inode_t *inode,
+               struct iatt *buf, struct iatt *preparent,
+               struct iatt *postparent, dict_t *xdata)
+{
+        frame->local = NULL;
+        STACK_UNWIND_STRICT (create, frame, op_ret, op_errno, fd, inode, buf,
+                             preparent, postparent, xdata);
+}
+
+void
+set_create_fop (long py_this, fop_create_t fop)
+{
+        glupy_private_t *priv   = ((xlator_t *)py_this)->private;
+
+        priv->fops[GLUPY_CREATE] = (long)fop;
+}
+
+void
+set_create_cbk (long py_this, fop_create_cbk_t cbk)
+{
+        glupy_private_t *priv   = ((xlator_t *)py_this)->private;
+
+        priv->cbks[GLUPY_CREATE] = (long)cbk;
+}
+
+/* NON-FOP-SPECIFIC CODE */
+
+long
+get_id (call_frame_t *frame)
+{
+        return (long)(frame->local);
+}
+
+int32_t
+init (xlator_t *this)
+{
+        glupy_private_t         *priv           = NULL;
+        char                    *module_name    = NULL;
+        PyObject                *py_mod_name    = NULL;
+        PyObject                *py_init_func   = NULL;
+        PyObject                *py_args        = NULL;
+        PyObject                *syspath        = NULL;
+	PyObject                *path           = NULL;
+	static gf_boolean_t      py_inited      = _gf_false;
+        void *                   err_cleanup    = &&err_return;
+
+        if (dict_get_str(this->options,"module-name",&module_name) != 0) {
+                gf_log (this->name, GF_LOG_ERROR, "missing module-name");
+                return -1;
+        }
+
+	priv = GF_CALLOC (1, sizeof (glupy_private_t), gf_glupy_mt_priv);
+        if (!priv) {
+                goto *err_cleanup;
+        }
+        this->private = priv;
+        err_cleanup = &&err_free_priv;
+
+	if (!py_inited) {
+                Py_Initialize();
+                PyEval_InitThreads();
+#if 0
+                (void)pthread_key_create(&gil_init_key,NULL);
+                (void)pthread_setspecific(gil_init_key,(void *)1);
+#endif
+                /* PyEval_InitThreads takes this "for" us.  No thanks. */
+                PyEval_ReleaseLock();
+                py_inited = _gf_true;
+        }
+
+	/* Adjust python's path */
+	syspath = PySys_GetObject("path");
+	path = PyString_FromString(GLUSTER_PYTHON_PATH);
+	PyList_Append(syspath, path);
+	Py_DECREF(path);
+
+	py_mod_name = PyString_FromString(module_name);
+        if (!py_mod_name) {
+                gf_log (this->name, GF_LOG_ERROR, "could not create name");
+                if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+                        PyErr_Print();
+                }
+                goto *err_cleanup;
+        }
+
+        priv->py_module = PyImport_Import(py_mod_name);
+        Py_DECREF(py_mod_name);
+        if (!priv->py_module) {
+                gf_log (this->name, GF_LOG_ERROR, "Python import failed");
+                if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+                        PyErr_Print();
+                }
+                goto *err_cleanup;
+        }
+        err_cleanup = &&err_deref_module;
+
+        py_init_func = PyObject_GetAttrString(priv->py_module, "xlator");
+        if (!py_init_func || !PyCallable_Check(py_init_func)) {
+                gf_log (this->name, GF_LOG_ERROR, "missing init func");
+                if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+                        PyErr_Print();
+                }
+                goto *err_cleanup;
+        }
+        err_cleanup = &&err_deref_init;
+
+        py_args = PyTuple_New(1);
+        if (!py_args) {
+                gf_log (this->name, GF_LOG_ERROR, "could not create args");
+                if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+                        PyErr_Print();
+                }
+                goto *err_cleanup;
+        }
+        PyTuple_SetItem(py_args,0,PyLong_FromLong((long)this));
+
+        /* TBD: pass in list of children */
+        priv->py_xlator = PyObject_CallObject(py_init_func, py_args);
+        Py_DECREF(py_args);
+        if (!priv->py_xlator) {
+                gf_log (this->name, GF_LOG_ERROR, "Python init failed");
+                if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+                        PyErr_Print();
+                }
+                goto *err_cleanup;
+        }
+        gf_log (this->name, GF_LOG_INFO, "init returned %p", priv->py_xlator);
+
+        return 0;
+
+err_deref_init:
+        Py_DECREF(py_init_func);
+err_deref_module:
+        Py_DECREF(priv->py_module);
+err_free_priv:
+        GF_FREE(priv);
+err_return:
+        return -1;
+}
+
+void
+fini (xlator_t *this)
+{
+        int              i = 0;
+        glupy_private_t *priv = this->private;
+
+        if (!priv)
+                return;
+        for (i = 0; i < GLUPY_N_FUNCS; ++i) {
+                if (priv->fops[i]) {
+                        Py_DECREF(priv->fops[i]);
+                }
+                if (priv->cbks[i]) {
+                        Py_DECREF(priv->fops[i]);
+                }
+        }
+        Py_DECREF(priv->py_xlator);
+        Py_DECREF(priv->py_module);
+        this->private = NULL;
+        GF_FREE (priv);
+
+        return;
+}
+
+struct xlator_fops fops = {
+        .lookup = glupy_lookup,
+        .create = glupy_create,
+};
+
+struct xlator_cbks cbks = {
+};
+
+struct volume_options options[] = {
+        { .key  = {NULL} },
+};
diff --git a/xlators/features/glupy/src/glupy.h b/xlators/features/glupy/src/glupy.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e6d2ff4f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xlators/features/glupy/src/glupy.h
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/*
+   Copyright (c) 2006-2011 Gluster, Inc. <http://www.gluster.com>
+   This file is part of GlusterFS.
+
+   GlusterFS is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published
+   by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License,
+   or (at your option) any later version.
+
+   GlusterFS is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+   WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+   General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+   along with this program.  If not, see
+   <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+
+#ifndef __GLUPY_H__
+#define __GLUPY_H__
+
+#ifndef _CONFIG_H
+#define _CONFIG_H
+#include "config.h"
+#endif
+#include "mem-types.h"
+
+enum {
+        GLUPY_LOOKUP = 0,
+        GLUPY_CREATE,
+        GLUPY_N_FUNCS
+};
+
+typedef struct {
+        PyObject        *py_module;
+        PyObject        *py_xlator;
+        long            fops[GLUPY_N_FUNCS];
+        long            cbks[GLUPY_N_FUNCS];
+} glupy_private_t;
+
+enum gf_glupy_mem_types_ {
+        gf_glupy_mt_priv = gf_common_mt_end + 1,
+        gf_glupy_mt_end
+};
+
+#endif /* __GLUPY_H__ */
diff --git a/xlators/features/glupy/src/gluster.py b/xlators/features/glupy/src/gluster.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ac732fb17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xlators/features/glupy/src/gluster.py
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+import sys
+from ctypes import *
+
+dl = CDLL("",RTLD_GLOBAL)
+
+class call_frame_t (Structure):
+	pass
+
+class dict_t (Structure):
+	pass
+
+class fd_t (Structure):
+	pass
+
+class iatt_t (Structure):
+	pass
+
+class inode_t (Structure):
+	pass
+
+class loc_t (Structure):
+	_fields_ = [
+		( "path",	c_char_p ),
+		( "name",	c_char_p ),
+		( "inode",	c_void_p ),
+		( "parent",	c_void_p ),
+		# Not quite correct, but easier to manipulate.
+		( "gfid", c_uint * 4 ),
+		( "pargfid", c_uint * 4 ),
+	]
+
+class xlator_t (Structure):
+	pass
+
+def _init_op (a_class, fop, cbk, wind, unwind):
+	# Decorators, used by translators. We could pass the signatures as
+	# parameters, but it's actually kind of nice to keep them around for
+	# inspection.
+	a_class.fop_type = apply(CFUNCTYPE,a_class.fop_sig)
+	a_class.cbk_type = apply(CFUNCTYPE,a_class.cbk_sig)
+	# Dispatch-function registration.
+	fop.restype = None
+	fop.argtypes = [ c_long, a_class.fop_type ]
+	# Callback-function registration.
+	cbk.restype = None
+	cbk.argtypes = [ c_long, a_class.cbk_type ]
+	# STACK_WIND function.
+	wind.restype = None
+	wind.argtypes = list(a_class.fop_sig[1:])
+	# STACK_UNWIND function.
+	unwind.restype = None
+	unwind.argtypes = list(a_class.cbk_sig[1:])
+
+class OpLookup:
+	fop_sig = (c_int, POINTER(call_frame_t), POINTER(xlator_t),
+		   POINTER(loc_t), POINTER(dict_t))
+	cbk_sig = (c_int, POINTER(call_frame_t), c_long, POINTER(xlator_t),
+		   c_int, c_int, POINTER(inode_t), POINTER(iatt_t),
+		   POINTER(dict_t), POINTER(iatt_t))
+_init_op (OpLookup, dl.set_lookup_fop, dl.set_lookup_cbk,
+		    dl.wind_lookup,    dl.unwind_lookup)
+
+class OpCreate:
+	fop_sig = (c_int, POINTER(call_frame_t), POINTER(xlator_t),
+		   POINTER(loc_t), c_int, c_uint, c_uint, POINTER(fd_t),
+		   POINTER(dict_t))
+	cbk_sig = (c_int, POINTER(call_frame_t), c_long, POINTER(xlator_t),
+		   c_int, c_int, POINTER(fd_t), POINTER(inode_t),
+		   POINTER(iatt_t), POINTER(iatt_t), POINTER(iatt_t),
+		   POINTER(dict_t))
+_init_op (OpCreate, dl.set_create_fop, dl.set_create_cbk,
+		    dl.wind_create,    dl.unwind_create)
+
+class Translator:
+	def __init__ (self, c_this):
+		# This is only here to keep references to the stubs we create,
+		# because ctypes doesn't and glupy.so can't because it doesn't
+		# get a pointer to the actual Python object. It's a dictionary
+		# instead of a list in case we ever allow changing fops/cbks
+		# after initialization and need to look them up.
+		self.stub_refs = {}
+		funcs = dir(self.__class__)
+		if "lookup_fop" in funcs:
+			@OpLookup.fop_type
+			def stub (frame, this, loc, xdata, s=self):
+				return s.lookup_fop (frame, this, loc, xdata)
+			self.stub_refs["lookup_fop"] = stub
+			dl.set_lookup_fop(c_this,stub)
+		if "lookup_cbk" in funcs:
+			@OpLookup.cbk_type
+			def stub (frame, cookie, this, op_ret, op_errno, inode,
+				  buf, xdata, postparent, s=self):
+				return s.lookup_cbk(frame, cookie, this, op_ret,
+						    op_errno, inode, buf, xdata,
+						    postparent)
+			self.stub_refs["lookup_cbk"] = stub
+			dl.set_lookup_cbk(c_this,stub)
+		if "create_fop" in funcs:
+			@OpCreate.fop_type
+			def stub (frame, this, loc, flags, mode, umask, fd,
+				  xdata, s=self):
+				return s.create_fop (frame, this, loc, flags,
+						     mode, umask, fd, xdata)
+			self.stub_refs["create_fop"] = stub
+			dl.set_create_fop(c_this,stub)
+		if "create_cbk" in funcs:
+			@OpCreate.cbk_type
+			def stub (frame, cookie, this, op_ret, op_errno, fd,
+				  inode, buf, preparent, postparent, xdata,
+				  s=self):
+				return s.create_cbk (frame, cookie, this,
+						     op_ret, op_errno, fd,
+						     inode, buf, preparent,
+						     postparent, xdata)
+				return 0
+			self.stub_refs["create_cbk"] = stub
+			dl.set_create_cbk(c_this,stub)
+
diff --git a/xlators/features/glupy/src/helloworld.py b/xlators/features/glupy/src/helloworld.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8fe403711
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xlators/features/glupy/src/helloworld.py
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+import sys
+from gluster import *
+
+class xlator (Translator):
+
+    def __init__(self, c_this):
+        Translator.__init__(self, c_this)
+
+    def lookup_fop(self, frame, this, loc, xdata):
+        print "Python xlator: Hello!"
+        dl.wind_lookup(frame, POINTER(xlator_t)(), loc, xdata)
+        return 0
+
+    def lookup_cbk(self, frame, cookie, this, op_ret, op_errno, inode, buf,
+                   xdata, postparent):
+        print "Python xlator: Hello again!"
+        dl.unwind_lookup(frame, cookie, this, op_ret, op_errno, inode, buf,
+                         xdata, postparent)
+        return 0
diff --git a/xlators/features/glupy/src/negative.py b/xlators/features/glupy/src/negative.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6ca855f72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xlators/features/glupy/src/negative.py
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+import sys
+from gluster import *
+
+# Negative-lookup-caching example.  If a file wasn't there the last time we
+# looked, it's probably still not there.  This translator keeps track of
+# those failed lookups for us, and returns ENOENT without needing to pass the
+# call any further for repeated requests.
+
+# If we were doing this for real, we'd need separate caches for each xlator
+# instance.  The easiest way to do this would be to have xlator.__init__
+# "register" each instance in a module-global dict, with the key as the C
+# translator address and the value as the xlator object itself.  For testing
+# and teaching, it's sufficient just to have one cache.  The keys are parent
+# GFIDs, and the entries are lists of names within that parent that we know
+# don't exist.
+cache = {}
+
+# TBD: we need a better way of handling per-request data (frame->local in C).
+dl.get_id.restype = c_long
+dl.get_id.argtypes = [ POINTER(call_frame_t) ]
+
+def uuid2str (orig):
+	return "%08x%08x%08x%08x" % (orig[0], orig[1], orig[2], orig[3])
+
+class xlator (Translator):
+
+	def __init__ (self, c_this):
+		self.requests = {}
+		Translator.__init__(self,c_this)
+
+	def lookup_fop (self, frame, this, loc, xdata):
+		pargfid = uuid2str(loc.contents.pargfid)
+		print "lookup FOP: %s:%s" % (pargfid, loc.contents.name)
+		# Check the cache.
+		if cache.has_key(pargfid):
+			if loc.contents.name in cache[pargfid]:
+				print "short-circuiting for %s:%s" % (
+					pargfid, loc.contents.name)
+				dl.unwind_lookup(frame,0,this,-1,2,None,None,
+						 None,None)
+				return 0
+		key = dl.get_id(frame)
+		self.requests[key] = (pargfid, loc.contents.name[:])
+		# TBD: get real child xl from init, pass it here
+		dl.wind_lookup(frame,POINTER(xlator_t)(),loc,xdata)
+		return 0
+
+	def lookup_cbk (self, frame, cookie, this, op_ret, op_errno, inode, buf,
+			xdata, postparent):
+		print "lookup CBK: %d (%d)" % (op_ret, op_errno)
+		key = dl.get_id(frame)
+		pargfid, name = self.requests[key]
+		# Update the cache.
+		if op_ret == 0:
+			print "found %s, removing from cache" % name
+			if cache.has_key(pargfid):
+				cache[pargfid].discard(name)
+		elif op_errno == 2:	# ENOENT
+			print "failed to find %s, adding to cache" % name
+			if cache.has_key(pargfid):
+				cache[pargfid].add(name)
+			else:
+				cache[pargfid] = set([name])
+		del self.requests[key]
+		dl.unwind_lookup(frame,cookie,this,op_ret,op_errno,
+						 inode,buf,xdata,postparent)
+		return 0
+
+	def create_fop (self, frame, this, loc, flags, mode, umask, fd, xdata):
+		pargfid = uuid2str(loc.contents.pargfid)
+		print "create FOP: %s:%s" % (pargfid, loc.contents.name)
+		key = dl.get_id(frame)
+		self.requests[key] = (pargfid, loc.contents.name[:])
+		# TBD: get real child xl from init, pass it here
+		dl.wind_create(frame,POINTER(xlator_t)(),loc,flags,mode,umask,
+			       fd,xdata)
+		return 0
+
+	def create_cbk (self, frame, cookie, this, op_ret, op_errno, fd, inode,
+			buf, preparent, postparent, xdata):
+		print "create CBK: %d (%d)" % (op_ret, op_errno)
+		key = dl.get_id(frame)
+		pargfid, name = self.requests[key]
+		# Update the cache.
+		if op_ret == 0:
+			print "created %s, removing from cache" % name
+			if cache.has_key(pargfid):
+				cache[pargfid].discard(name)
+		del self.requests[key]
+		dl.unwind_create(frame,cookie,this,op_ret,op_errno,fd,inode,buf,
+				 preparent,postparent,xdata)
+		return 0
+